本書以青藏高原高海拔地區特殊地理位置和低壓環境條件為立足點，充分考慮在低壓缺氧環境下車輛綜合性能衰減和長期積雪冰凍中行車穩定性劇降，同時易引發駕駛員的高原反應和疲勞駕駛等因素，全面系統地介紹了高海拔地區低壓缺氧環境下大型典型貨運車型綜合性能以及駕駛員的心理生理變化和駕駛行為變化規律、高速公路運行速度預測模型、高速公路速度控制與安全設計關鍵技術、高速公路幾何設計關鍵技術指標與取值標準、服務設施配置標準等研究成果，最后結合在花石峽至大武公路工程的示范和應用，對示范工程的公路路線設計、速度控制設施進行了優化與完善。
目 錄
1 Introduction ................................................... 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Introduction to Research Status Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics at High Altitude . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 Psycho-physiological Characteristics of Drivers
in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.3 Characteristics of Freeway Traffic Operation
in High-Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.4 Geometric Technical Indicators of Freeway Routes
in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3 Main Research Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.1 Research on Vehicle Performance and Driving
Behavior in Low Pressure and Oxygen Deficient
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.2 Research on Traffic Features and Speed Control
of Freeways in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.3.3 Research on Main Technical Indicators of Freeway
Alignment in Low Pressure and Oxygen Deficient
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.3.4 Study on Technical Standards and Design Guidelines
for Qinghai-Tibet Freeway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.4 Technical Difficulties and Research Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.5 Scientific and Technological Achievements and Innovation . . . . . . . 43
1.6 Application of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.7 Economic and Social Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2 The Characteristics of Traffic Operation in High Altitude Areas . . . . 55
2.1 Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Special High Altitude
Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1.1 Basic Data on Traffic Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1.2 The Indicators and Methods of Traffic Accident
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.1.3 General Distribution Characteristics of Traffic
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.1.4 Characteristics of the Relationship Between
Traffic Accidents and People, Vehicles, Roads
and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.2 The Characteristics of the Traffic Flow in Special High
Altitude Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.2.1 Basic Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.2.2 Traffic Volume and Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.2.3 Analysis of Traffic Flow Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.3 Traffic Safety Service Level in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
2.3.1 Determination of Road Segmentation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.3.2 Analysis of Traffic Accident Influencing Factors . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.3.3 Regional Highway Accident Prediction Model . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.3.4 General Distribution Characteristics of Traffic
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2.3.5 Traffic Safety Service Level of Secondary Highway . . . . . . . 136
2.3.6 Preliminary Study on Freeway Traffic Safety Service
Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3 Dynamic Features of Typical Vehicles Under Low Pressure
and Oxygen Deficient Environment in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1 Vehicle Types and Methods for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1.1 Vehicle Types for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1.2 Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.1.3 Test Site and Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2 Principles of Vehicle Dynamics in Plateau Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2.1 Principles of Vehicle Driving Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2.2 Principle of Vehicle Driving Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.2.3 Altitude-Based Power and Resistance Discounting
Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
3.3 External Characteristics of Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.3.1 Test and Calculation Process of Engine External
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.3.2 Comparison of Engine External Characteristics
at Different Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
3.3.3 Analysis of Engine Torque Reduction Coefficient . . . . . . . . . 163
3.4 Engine Braking Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4.1 Engine Braking Characteristic Test and Calculation
Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4.2 Comparison of Engine Braking Characteristics
at Different Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
3.4.3 Analysis of Engine Braking Torque Reduction
Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
